LITERATURE

CONTENTS

• 1 Time measured: chronology, clocks, calendars
• 2 Time perceived
  • 2.1 General
  • 2.2 The future
  • 2.3 Progress and decline
• 3 Time experienced
• 4 The future predicted
  • 4.1 Divination
  • 4.2 Other types of prognostication
• 5 The future manipulated
• 5.1 Fate and free will
• 5.2 Magic
• 5.3 Utopias

   

  ---

  
  

  1	Time measured: chronology, clocks, calendars	contents
  	Audoin, Claude, The measurement of time. Time, frequency, and the atomic clock (Cambridge 2001). Aveni, Anthony F., Empires of Time. Calendars, clocks, and cultures (Colorado 2002). Beckwith, Roger, Calendar, chronology, and worship. Studies in ancient Judaism and early Christianity (Leiden 2005). Bedini, Silvio, The trail of time. Shih-chien ti tsu-chi: time measurement with incense in East Asia (Cambridge 1994). Besten, Guus, Een nieuw millennium! Hoezo een probleem? Geschiedenis van de kalender en het jaartal (Den Haag 1999). Blackburn, Bonnie & Leofranc Holford-Strevens, The Oxford Companion to the year. An exploration of calendar customs and time-reckoning (Oxford 1999). Boll, F, Kleine Schriften zur Sternkunde des Altertums (000 1950). Bomhard, Anne-Sophie, The Egyptian calendar: a work for eternity (London 1999). Borst, Arno, The ordering of time: from the ancient computus to the modern computer (Chicago 1993). Cohen, Mark, The cultic calendars of the ancient Near East (Bethesda Md 1993). Declercq, Georges, Anno Domini. The origins of the Christian era (Turnhout 2000). Dershowitz, Nachum, Calendrical calculations (Cambridge 1997). Doob, Leonard, Patterning of time (New Haven 1971). Duncan, David, Calendar: humanity's epic struggle to determine a true and accurate year (New York 1998). Falk, Harry, Vom Herrscher zur Dynastie. Zum Wesen kontinuierlicher Zeitrechnung in Antike und Gegenwart (Bremen 2002). Feeney, D., Caesar's calendar. Ancient time and the beginnings of history (Berkeley 2007). Field, J.V., 'Some Roman and Byzantine portable sundials and the London sundial-calender', History of technology 12 (1990) 103-135. Finegan, Jack, Handbook of biblical chronology. Principles of time reckoning in the ancient world and problems of chronology in the Bible (Peabody Mass 1998). Fleming, Daniel, Time at Emar. The cultic calendar and the rituals from the diviner's archive (Winona Lake 2000). Goldberg, Sylvie, La Clepsydre (Paris 2000). Hannah, Robert, Greek and Roman calendars: constructions of time in the classical world (London 2005). Hannah, Robert, Time in antiquity (London 2009). Hooijmaijers, Hans, Telling time. Devices for time measurement in Museum Boerhaave : a descriptive catalogue (Leiden 2005). Hourihane, C., Time in the medieval world: occupations of the months and signs of the zodiac in the Index of Christian Art (Princeton 2007). Janich, Peter, Protophysics of time. Constructive foundation and history of time measurement (Dordrecht 1985). Macey, Samuel, Clocks and the cosmos. Time in Western life and thought (Hamden Conn. 1980). Magini, Leonardo, Astronomy and calendar in Ancient Rome: the Eclipse Festivals (Roma 2001). Manchester, Peter, The syntax of time. The phenomenology of time in Greek physics and speculative logic from Iamblichus to Anaximander (Leiden 2005). Herbert-Brown, G. (ed.), Ovid's Fasti. Historical readings at its bimillennium (Oxford 2002). Herbert-Brown, G. (ed.), Ovid and the Fasti: an historical study (Oxford 1994). Lehoux, D., Astronomy, weather, and calendars in the ancient world. Parapegmata and related texts in Classical and Near Eastern societies (Cambridge 2007). Michels, A.K., The calendar of the Roman Republic (Princeton 1967). Nagle, B.R., Ovid's Fasti - Roman holidays (Bloomington 1995). Pasco-Pranger, M., Founding the year. Ovid's Fasti and the poetics of the Roman calender (Leiden 2006). Richards, E., Mapping time. The calendar and its history (Oxford 1999). Rüpke, Jörg, Kalender und Öffentlichkeit. Die Geschichte der Repräsentation und religiösen Qualifikation von Zeit in Rom (Berlin 1995). Rüpke, Jörg., 'Ovids Kalenderkommentar - Zur Gattung der libri fastorum', Antike und Abendland 40 (1994) 125-136. Samuel, A.E., Greek and Roman chronology: calenders and years in classical antiquity (Munchen 1972). Salzman, Michele, On Roman time: the codex-calendar of 354 and the rhythms of urban life in late antiquity (Berkeley 1990). Scullard, H.H., Festivals and ceremonies of the Roman republic (London 1981). Steele, John, Calendars and years: astronomy and time in the Ancient Near East (Oxford 2007). Stern, Sacha, Calendar and community. A history of the Jewish calendar, second century BCE-tenth century CE (Oxford 2001). Tschang, Yinpo, Chaos in Heaven. On the calenders of Preclassical China (Philadelphia, PA 2004). VanderKam, James, Calendars in the Dead Sea Scrolls: measuring time (London 1998). York, M., The Roman festival calendar of Numa Pompilius (New York 1986).
  2	Time perceived	contents
  2.1	General	contents
  	Antonaccio, C.M., An archaeology of ancestors: tomb cult and hero cult in early Greece, Lanham, MD 1995 Brandon, S.G.F., History, time and deity: a historical and comparative study of the 0000 Althoff, Gerd,. Medieval concepts of the past: ritual, memory, historiography (Washington D.C 2002). Appoldt, Günter, Zeit- und Lebenszeitkonzepte in China. Eine Untersuchung lebenszeitbezogener Vorstellungen und Handlungsstrategien im vormodernen China anhand einiger ausgewählter autobiographischer Texte (Frankfurt am Main 1992). Balslev, Anindita, Religion and time (Leiden 1993). Clarke, Katherine, Making time for the past. Local history and the polis (Oxford 2008). Coope, Ursula, Time for Aristotle: physics iv.10-14 (Oxford 2005). Ehlert, Trude (ed.), Zeitkonzeptionen, Zeiterfahrung, Zeitmessung: Stationen ihres Wandels vom Mittelalter bis zur Moderne (Paderborn 1997). Elias, Norbert, ‘Time and timing’ in: idem, On civilization, power and knowledge : selected writings (Chicago 1998) 253-268. Fabian, Johannes, Time and the other: how anthropology makes its object (New York 1983). Fraser, J (ed.), Time, science, and society in China and the West (Amherst 1986). Gardet, Louis (ed.), Cultures and time (Paris 1976). Gehrke, Hans-Joachim, Vergangenheit und Lebenswelt: soziale Kommunikation, Traditionsbildung und historisches Bewusstsein (Tu¨bingen 1996). Gell, Alfred, The anthropology of time. Cultural constructions of temporal maps and images (Oxford 1992). (new edition: 2001) Grappe, Christian, Le Temps et les temps dans les littératures juives et chrétiennes au tournant de notre ère (Leiden 2006). Groningen, Bernhard Abraham van, In the grip of the past: Essay on an aspect of Greek thought (Leiden 1953). Groot, H., Het mysterie van de tijd. Enkele fysische en psychologische aspecten van het tijdsprobleem (Assen 1958). Heilbroner, Robert, Visions of the future : the distant past, yesterday, today, tomorrow (New York 1995). Hen, Yitzhak, The uses of the past in the early Middle Ages (Cambridge 2000). Holford-Strevens, Leofranc, A history of time (Oxford 2005). Hughes, Diane, Time: histories and ethnologies (Ann Arbor 1995). Humphrey, Chris, Time in the medieval world (Rochester N.Y. 2001). Katzinger, Willibald, Zeitbegriff : Zeitmessung und Zeitverständnis im städtischen Kontext (Linz 2002). Klein, Wolfgang, ‘Concepts of time’ in: idem, The expression of time (Berlin 2009) 5-38. Livingstone, A, ‘The magic of time’ in: T. Abusch & K. van der Toorn (eds.), Mesopotamian magic: textual, historical and interpretative perspectives (Leiden 2000) 131-137. MacCormack, Sabine, On the Wings of Time: Rome, the Incas, Spain, and Peru (Princeton 2008). Macey, Samuel, Clocks and the cosmos. Time in Western life and thought (Hamden Conn. 1980). Mooij, J., Tijd en geest: een geschiedenis (Kampen 2001). Most, Glenn, Historicization = Historisierung (Göttingen 2001). Ribémont, Bernard (ed.), Le Temps, sa mesure et sa perception au Moyen Age (Caen 1992). Rosen, Ralph Mark, Time and Temporality in the Ancient World (University of Pennsylvania Museum Publication 2004). Schwindt, Jürgen, La représentation du temps dans la poésie augustéenne (Heidelberg 2005). Stern, S., Time and process in ancient Judaism (Portland 2003). Vernus, Pascal, Essai sur la conscience de l'histoire dans l'Egypte pharaonique (Paris 1995). Viparelli Santangelo, Valeria, Il senso e il non senso del tempo in Seneca (Napels 2000). Whitrow, G. Time in history. The evolution of our general awareness of time and temporal perspective (Oxford 1988). Woolf, D, The social circulation of the past. English historical culture, 1500-1730 (Oxford 2003).
  2.2	The future
  	Heilbroner, Robert, Visions of the future : the distant past, yesterday, today, tomorrow (New York 1995). Körtner, Ulrich, Die Gegenwart der Zukunft. Geschichte und Eschatologie (Neukirchen-Vluyn 2008). Naumann, Michael, Von Propheten und anderen Unglücksraben (Hamburg 2006). Reading, Anthony, Hope & despair : how perceptions of the future shape human behavior (Baltimore Md. 2004).
  2.3	Progress and decline	contents
  	Adam, B. et al (eds.). The risk society and beyond: critical issues for social theory (London 2000). De Bono, E., Eureka! Uitvindingen door de eeuwen heen, van wiel tot computer (Utrecht 1975). Bourriau, J. & Jacke Phillips (eds.). Invention and innovation : the social context of technological change 2: Egypt, the Aegean and the Near East, 1650-1150 BC : proceedings of a conference held at the McDonald Institute for Archaeological Research, Cambridge, 4-6 September 2002 (Cambridge 2004). Bracher, Karl, Verfall und Fortschritt im Denken der frühen römischen Kaiserzeit. Studien zum Zeitgefühl und Geschichtsbewusstsein des Jahrhunderts nach Augustus (Wien 1987). Breuer, H., Kolumbus war Chinese : Erfindungen und Entdeckungen des Fernen Ostens (Frankfurt am Main 1970). Dodds, E.R., The ancient concept of progress, and other essays on Greek literature and belief, Oxford 1973. Fagan, B.M., The seventy great inventions of the ancient world (New York 2004). Finley M. I., 'Technical innovation and economic progress in the ancient world', Economic History Review 18 (1965) 29-45. Forbes, R.J., Cultuurgeschiedenis van wetenschap en techniek (Den Haag 1971). Groen, J. et al. (eds.). The discipline of curiosity: science in the world (Amsterdam 1990). Jewkes, J. et al., The sources of invention (London 1958). Krebs, R.E. & C.A. Krebs, Groundbreaking scientific experiments, inventions and discoveries through the ages (Westport, CT 2002-2004). Lang, P. (ed.). Re-inventions. Essays on Hellenistic and early Roman science (Kelowna 2004). Lemonnier, P. (ed.). Technological choices. Transformation in material cultures since the Neolithic (London 1993). Lozovan E., 'Les routes de la Romania orientale', RIO 9 (1957) 213-226. MacDowell D. M., 'The chronology of Athenian speeches and legal innovations in 401-398 B.C.', RIDA 18 (1971) 267-273. Nowotny, H. (ed.). Cultures of technology and the quest for innovation (New York 2006). Pleket H. W., 'Techniek en maatschappij in de Grieks-Romeinse wereld,' TG 78 (1965) 1-22. Poter, J.H.J. van der, Steward or sorcerer's apprentice? The evaluation of technical progress: a systematic overview of theories and opinions (Delft 1994). Sihvola, Juha, Decay, progress, the good life? : Hesiod and Protagoras on the development of culture (Helsinki 1989). Simms, D. L., 'Archimedes the engineer', HTechn 17 (1995) 45-111. Temple, R.K.G., China, land of discovery (Wellingborough 1986). Weber, R.J. & D.N. Perkins (eds.). Inventive minds. Creativity in technology (New York 1992). Wells H. B., 'Ancient inventions for tooling the surfaces of objects in softer metals', Expedition 19 (1977) 21-26. Wilkinson, P., What the Romans did for us (London 2000).
  3	Time experienced	contents
  	Bettini, M., Anthropology and Roman Culture. Kinship, Time, Images of the Soul. (Baltimore 1991). (see the essay: "The Future at Your Back": Spatial Representations of Time in Latin) Briquel-Chatonnet, F. & H. Lozachmeur (eds.). Proche-Orient ancien, temps vécu, temps pensé. Actes de la table-ronde du 15 Novembre 1997 (Paris 1998). Bradley, K.R., Discovering the Roman family. Studies in Roman social history (Oxford 1991). Diddle Uzzi, J., Children in the visual arts of imperial Rome (Cambridge 2004). Dixon, S., The Roman Family (Baltimore 1992). Eyben, E., C. Laes & T. van Houdt, Amor – Roma. Liefde en erotiek in Rome (Leuven 2003). Garland, R., The Greek way of life. From conception to old age (Ithaca, N.Y. 1990). Gennep, A. van, Rites de passage (Paris 1909). George, M. (ed.). The Roman family in the Empire. Rome, Italy, and beyond (Oxford 2005). Harlow, M. & R. Laurence, Growing up and growing old in ancient Rome: a life course approach (London 2002). Jong, Irene, de Time in ancient Greek literature (Leiden 2007). Kroon, Caroline, Ultima aetas. Time, tense, and transience in the ancient world. Studies in honour of Jan den Boeft. (Amsterdam 2000). Neils, Jennifer et al., Coming of age in Ancient Greece. Images of childhood from the Classical Past (New Haven 2003). Padilla, Mark W. (ed.). Rites of passage in Ancient Greece. Literature, religion, society (Lewisburg 1999). Parkin, Tim G., Old age in the Roman World. A cultural and social History (Baltimore 2003). Pfeijffer, I. L., First person futures (Stuttgart 1999). Saller, R.P., Patriarchy, property and death in the Roman family (Cambridge 1994). Wakker, G.C. ‘Intentions and future realisations in Herodotus’ in: Rutger J. Allan & Michel Buijs (eds.), The Language of Literature. Linguistic approaches to classical texts (Leiden 2007) 168-187.
  4	The future predicted	contents
  4.1	Divination	contents
  	Greco-Roman Amandry, P., 'La divination en Grece: etat actuel de quelques problems' in: La divination en Mesopotamie ancienne et dans les regions voisines (Paris 1966) 171-178. Berchman, R.M., Mediators of the divine. Horizons of prophecy, divination, dreams, and theurgy in Mediterranean antiquity (Atlanta, GA 1998). Bloch, Raymond, Les prodiges dans l'antiquité classique: Grèce, Étrurie et Rome (Paris 1963). Bloch, Raymond, La divination dans l'antiquité (Paris 1984). Bouché-Leclercq, A., Histoire de la divination dans l'antiquité (Paris 1879-1882). Bremmer, J.N., 'The status and symbolic capital of the seer' in: R. Hägg (ed)., The role of religion in the early Greek polis. Proceedings from the third international Seminar on Ancient Greek Cult organized by the Swedish Institute at Athens, 16-18 October 1992 (Stockholm 1996) 97-109. Briquel, D. & C. Guittard, Les écrivains et l'Etrusca disciplina de Claude à Trajan (Tours 1996). Carastro, M., ‘Quand Tirésias devint un mágos. Divination et magie en Grèce ancienne (Ve-IVe siècle av. n. è.)’, Revue de l'histoire des religions 224 (2007) 211-230. Flower, M.A., The seer in ancient Greece (Berkeley 2008). Gordon, R., ‘Reporting the marvellous: private divination in the Greek magical papyri’ in: H.G. Kippenberg & G.G. Stroumsa (eds.), Secrecy and concealment. Studies in the history of Mediterranean and Near Eastern religions (Leiden 1995) 65-92. Halliday, W., Greek divination: a study of its methods and principles (Chicago 1913). Heintz, J.G. (ed.). Oracles et prophéties dans l'antiquité. Actes du colloque de Strasbourg, 15-17 juin 1995 (Paris 1997). Johnston, S.I. & P.T. Struck (eds.), Mantikê. Studies in ancient divination (Leiden 2005). Kany-Turpin, J. (ed.). Signe et prédiction dans l'antiquité. Actes du colloque international interdisciplinaire de Créteil et de Paris, 22-23-24 mai 2003 (Saint-Etienne 2005). Parker, R., 'Greek states and Greek oracles' in: P. Cartledge and F.D. Harvey (eds.). Crux. Essays presented to G.E.M. de Sainte Croix on his 75th birthday (Exeter 1985) 298-326. Schofield, M, 'Theology and divination' in: J. Brunschwig & G.E.R. Lloyd (eds.). A guide to Greek thought (Cambridge, Mass. 2003) 347-359. Swain, S. (ed.). Seeing the face, seeing the soul: Polemon's 'Physiognomy' from classical antiquity to medieval Islam (Oxford 2007). Vernant, J.P., 'La divination. Contexte et sens psychologique des rites et des doctrines', Journal de Psychologie 41 (1948) 299-325. Vernant, J.P. et al. (eds.). Divination et rationalité (Paris 1974). Comparative: Mesopotamia/Hittite/Egypt Abusch, T. & K. van der Toorn (eds.). Mesopotamian magic : textual, historical, and interpretative perspectives (Groningen 1999). Baines, J., ‘Magic and divination’ in: B.E. Shafer (ed.), Religion in ancient Egypt: gods, myths, and personal practice (Ithaca 1991) 164-172. Beal, R.H., ‘Hittite canonical compositions: oracles assuring the safety of the king during the winter’ in: W.W. Hallo (ed). The context of scripture I (Leiden 1997) 207-211. Bock, B., ‘Babylonische Divination und Magie als Ausdruck der Denkstrukturen des altmesopotamischen Menschen’ in: J. Renger (ed.). Babylon, Focus mesopotamischer Geschichte, Wiege früher Gelehrsamkeit, Mythos in der Moderne (Colloquien der Deutschen Orient-Gesellschaft 2) (Berlin 1999) 409-427. Böck, B., Die babylonisch-assyrische Morphoskopie (Vienna 2000). Bottéro, J., Mythes et rites de Babylone (Paris 1995). Ciraolo, L. & J. Seidel (eds.). Magic and divination in the ancient world (Leiden 2002). Cooper, J., ‘Apodotic "death" and the historicity of "historical" omens’ in: B. Alster (ed.), Death in Mesopotamia: papers read at the XXVIe Rencontre assyriologique internationale (Copenhagen 1980) 99-106. Cryer, F.H., Divination in ancient Israel and its Near Eastern environment: a socio-historical investigation (Sheffield 1994). Frankfort, H. & J.A. Wilson & T. Jacobsen, Before philosophy: the intellectual adventure of ancient man; an essay on speculative thought in the ancient Near East (Harmondsworth 1949). Freedman, S.M., If a city is set on a height. The Akkadian omen series Summa alu ina melê sakin (Philadelphia 1998). Gadd, C.J., 'Babylonian divinatory methods and their interrelations' in: La divination en Mésopotamie ancienne et dans les régions voisines : XIVe Rencontre Assyriologique Internationale (Strassbourg, 2-6 juillet 1965) (Paris 1966) 21 - 34. Guinan, A.K. et al. (eds.), If a man builds a joyful house: Assyriological studies in honor of Erle Verdun Leichty (Leiden 2006). Hallo, W.W., 'Divination in Ancient Babylonia', Biblical Archaeology Review 31:2 (2005). 32-?. Holloway, S.W., Assur is king! Assur is king! Religion in the exercise of power in the Neo-Assyrian Empire (Leiden 2002). Hout, Th.P.J. van den, 'Hethitische Thronbesteigungsorakel und die Inauguration Tudhalijas IV', Zeitschrift für Assyriologie und verwandte Gebiete und Vorderasiatische Archäologie 81 (1991) 274-300. Hout, Th.P.J. van der, 'Orakel (Oracle). B. Bei den Hethitern', Reallexikon der Assyriologie 10 (2003) 118-124. Glassner, J.J., 'Questions mesopotamiennes sur la divination' in: K. Chemla, D. Harper & M. Kalinowski (eds.). Divination et rationalité en Chine ancienne (Vincennes 1999) 147-154. Koch-Westenholz, U., Mesopotamian astrology. An introduction to Babylonian and Assyrian celestial divination (Copenhagen 1995). Koch-Westenholz, U., Babylonian liver omens: the chapters Manzazu, Padanu and Pan takalti of the Babylonian Extispicy Series mainly from Assurbanipal's Library (Copenhagen 2000). Koch-Westenholz, U., 'Old Babylonian extispicy reports' in: C. Wunsch (ed.). Mining the archives. Festschrift for Christopher Walker on the occasion of his 60th birthday, 4 October 2002 (Dresden 2002) 131-145. Kolenkow, A.B., 'Persons of power and their communities' in: L. J. Ciraolo & J.L. Seidel (eds.), Magic and divination in the ancient world (Leiden 2002) 133-144. Larsen, M.T., 'The Mesopotamian lukewarm mind. Reflections on science, divination, and literacy' in: F. Rochberg-Halton (ed.), Language, literature, and history: philological and historical studies presented to Erica Reiner (New Haven 1987) 203-225. Lehoux, D., 'The Historicity Question in Mesopotamian Divination' in: J.M. Steele & A. Imhausen (eds.), Under One Sky. Astronomy and mathematics in the Ancient Near East (Münster 2003) 209-222. Nissinen, M., Prophets and prophecy in the ancient Near East (Atlanta 2003). Nissinen, M. (ed.). Prophecy in its ancient Near Eastern context. Mesopotamian, biblical, and Arabian perspectives (Atlanta 2002). Noegel, S.B., Nocturnal ciphers. The allusive language of dreams in the ancient Near East (New Haven, CT 2007). Oppenheim, A.L., The interpretation of dreams in the ancient Near East, with a translation of an Assyrian dream-book (Philadelphia 1957). Pongratz-Leisten, B., Herrschaftswissen in Mesopotamien: Formen der Kommunikation zwischen Gott und König in 2. und 1. Jahrtausend v.Chr. (Helsinki 1999). Popko, M., Religions of Asia Minor (Warsaw 1995). Rochberg-Halton, F., 'Fate and divination in Mesopotamia' in: H. Hirsch (ed.), Vorträge gehalten auf der 28. Rencontre Assyriologique Internationale in Wien (Archiv fur Orientforschung, Beiheft 19) (Horn 1982) 363-371. Rochberg-Halton, F., The heavenly writing. Divination, horoscopy, and astronomy in Mesopotamian culture (Cambridge 2004). Rochberg, F. 'Heaven and earth: divine-human relations in Mesopotamian celestial divination' in: S. Noegel, J. Walker; B. Wheeler (eds.), Prayer, magic, and the stars in the Ancient and Late Antique World (University Park 2003) 169-186. Starr, I., The rituals of the diviner (Malibu 1983). Veldhuis, N., 'Divination: theory and use' in: A.K. Guinan et al. (eds.), If a man builds a joyful house: Assyriological studies in honor of Erle Verdun Leichty (Leiden 2006) 487-497. Comparative: Near East/China/Africa/anthropology Adler, A., Le bâton de l'aveugle. Divination, maladie et pouvoir chez les Moundang du Tchad (Paris 1972). Ahern, E.M., Chinese ritual and politics (Cambridge 1981). Bascom, W., Ifa divination. Communication between gods and men in West Africa (Bloomington 1969). Caquot, A. & M. Leibovici (eds.), La divination (Paris 1968). Chemla, K., D. Harper & M. Kalinowski (eds.), Divination et rationalité en Chine ancienne (Vincennes 1999). Evans-Pritchard, E.E., Witchcraft, oracles, and magic among the Azande (Oxford 1967). Fahd, T., La divination arabe. Etudes religieuses, sociologiques et folkloriques sur le milieu natif de l'Islam (Leiden 1966). Grabbe, L.L., Priests, prophets, diviners, sages. A socio-historical study of religious specialists in ancient Israel (Valley Forge PA 1995). Horst, P.W. van der, Sortes: het gebruik van heilige boeken als lotsorakels in de oudheid (Amsterdam 1999). Jeffers, A., Magic and divination in ancient Palestine and Syria (Leiden 1996). Launderville, D., Piety and politics: the dynamics of royal authority in Homeric Greece, biblical Israel, and old Babylonian Mesopotamia (Grand Rapids, Mich. 2003). Leclant, J., 'Éléments pour une étude de la divination dans l'Égypte pharaonique' in: Caquot, A. & M. Leibovici (eds.), La divination (Paris 1968). Lieber, E., '"He Looked in the Liver" (Ezekiel 21:26): The medical origins of liver divination' in: J.O. Leibowitz & S.S. Kottek (eds.), Third International Symposium on Medicine in Bible and Talmud. Jerusalem, December 7-9, 1984 (Jerusalem 1988) 235-245. Lloyd, G.E.R., 'Divination : traditions and controversies, Chinese and Greek' in: K. Chemla, D. Harper & M. Kalinowski (eds.). Divination et rationalité en Chine ancienne (Vincennes 1999) 155-165. Lloyd, G.E.R., The ambitions of curiosity: understanding the world in ancient Greece and China (Cambridge 2002). Lopez, D.S., Religions of China in practice (Princeton NJ 1996). Loewe, M. & C. Blacker (eds.), Divination and oracles (London 1981). Magnus, E.S., Die Divination, ihr Wesen und ihre Struktur, besonders in den sogeannten primitiven Gesellschaften. Eine einführende Abhandlung auf vergleichender religionsphänomenologischer Basis unter Berücksichtigung von parapsychologischen Ergebnissen und soziol 0000 (Hannover 1975). Pemberton, J., III (ed.). Insight and artistry in African divination (Washington 2000). Ryan, W.F., The bathhouse at midnight. An historical survey of magic and divination in Russia (Stroud 1999). Savary, C., Afriques magiques (Genève 1992). Smith, R.J., Fortune-tellers and philosophers. Divination in traditional Chinese society (Oxford 1991). Turner, V.W., The drums of affliction. A study of religious processes among the Ndembu of Zambia (Ithaka NY 1981). Van Dam, C., The Urim and Thummim: a means of revelation in ancient Israel (Winona Lake, Ind. 1997). Veenstra, J.R., Magic and divination at the courts of Burgundy and France : text and context of Laurens Pignon's Contre les devineurs (1411) (Leiden 1997). Xiao Ji, Cosmologie et divination dans la Chine ancienne. Le compendium des cinq agents (Paris 1991).
  4.2	Other types of prognostication	contents
  	Barton, T.S., Power and knowledge. Astrology, physiognomics, and medicine under the Roman Empire (Ann Arbor 1994). Brodersen, K. (ed.). Prognosis: Studien zur Funktion von Zukunftsvorhersagen in Literatur und Geschichte seit der Antike (Münster 2001). Edelstein, L., 'Hippocratic prognosis' in: O. Temkin & C.L. Temkin (eds.), Ancient medicine: selected papers of Ludwig Edelstein (Baltimore 1967) 65-85 . Eijk, P.J. van der, 'Divination, prognosis and prophylaxis: the hippocratic work 'On Dreams' (De Victu 4) and its Near Eastern background' in: H.F.J. Horstmanshoff & M. Stol (eds.). Magic and rationality in Ancient Near Eastern and Graeco-Roman medicine (Leiden 2004) 187-218. Heessel, N.P., 'Diagnosis, divination and disease. Towards an understanding of the rationale behind the Babylonian diagnostic handbook' in: H.F.J. Horstmanshoff & M. Stol (eds.). Magic and rationality in Ancient Near Eastern and Graeco-Roman medicine (Leiden 2004) 97-116. Horstmanshoff, H.F.J., De pijlen van de pest. Pestilenties in de Griekse wereld 800-400 v.C. (Proefschrift Leiden 1989). Horstmanshoff, H.F.J. & M. Stol (eds.), Magic and rationality in Ancient Near Eastern and Graeco-Roman medicine (Leiden 2004). Hulskamp, M., Sleep and dreams in ancient medical diagnosis and prognosis (Diss. Newcastle 2008). Lieber, E., '"He Looked in the Liver" (Ezekiel 21:26). The medical origins of liver divination' in: J.O. Leibowitz & S.S. Kottek (eds.). Third International Symposium on Medicine in Bible and Talmud. Jerusalem, December 7-9, 1984 (Koroth1988) 235-245. Lloyd, G.E.R. & N. Sivin, The way and the word: science and medicine in early China and Greece (New Haven, Conn. 2002).
  5	The future manipulated	contents
  5.1	Fate and free will	contents
  	Dietrich, B.C., Death, fate and the gods. The development of a religious idea in Greek popular belief and in Homer (London 1965). Greene, W.C., Moira. Fate, good, and evil in Greek thought (Cambridge, MA 1963). Heitland, W.E., The Roman fate / Iterum, a further discussion on Roman fate, Cambridge 1922-1925 Kaiser, Otto, ‘Gottesgewissheit und Weltbewusstsein in der frühhellenistischen Weisheit’, in: idem, Der Mensch unter dem Schicksal. Studien zur Geschichte, Theologie und Gegenwartsbedeutung der Weisheit (Berlin-New York 1985) 122-134 Sarischoulis, E., Schicksal, Götter und Handlungsfreiheit in den Epen Homers (Stuttgart 2008).
  5.2	Magic	contents
  	Ciraolo, L. & Seidel, J. (eds.). Magic and divination in the ancient world (Leiden 2002). Heintz, F., ‘Circus curses and their archaeological contexts’, Journal of Roman Archaeology 11 (1998) 337-342. Jordan D.R., 'A survey of Greek defixiones not included in the special corpora', GRBS 26 (1985) 151-197. Jordan, D.R. et al (eds.). The world of ancient magic (Athens 1999). Faraone, C.A. & D. Obbink, Magika hiera. Ancient Greek magic and religion (Oxford 1991). Luck, G. (ed.), Arcana mundi. Magic and the occult in the Greek and Roman worlds: a collection of ancient texts (Baltimore 1926). Meyer, M. & Mirecki, P. (eds.), Ancient Magic and ritual power (Leiden 1995). Tomlin, R.S.O., 'The curse tablets,' in: B. Cunliffe (ed.), The temple of Sulis Minerva at Bath, 2: The finds from the sacred spring (Oxford 1998) 59-277. Tremel, J., Magica agonistica. Fluchtafeln im antiken Sport, (Weidmann 2004). Versnel, H.S., ‘Mens en magie. Vervloekingsinscripties (tabellae defixionum)’, Hermeneus 55 (1983) 196-206. Versnel, H.S., 'Some reflections on the relationship magic-religion', Numen 38 (1991) 177-197. Versnel, H.S., 'Beyond cursing...' in: C.A. Faraone & D. Obbink (eds.), Magika hiera. Ancient Greek magic and religion (Oxford 1991) 60-106. Versnel, H.S., 'May he not be able to sacrifice...', Zeitschrift fur Papyrologie und Epigraphik 58 (1987) 247-269. Watson, L., Arae, the curse poetry of antiquity, (Leeds 1991).
  5.3	Utopias	contents
  	Alexander, Peter (ed.), Utopias 0000 Bichler, Reinhold, Von den Insel der Seligen zu Platons Staat. Geschichte der antiken Utopie I, Wien 1995 Dawson, R., Cities of the gods. Communist utopias in Greek thought, NY 1992 Demandt, Alexander, Der Idealstaat. Die politischen Theorien der Antike, Köln 1993 Ferguson, John, Utopias of the classical world (London 1975). Gatz, B., Weltalter, goldene Zeit und sinnverwandte Vorstellungen (Hildesheim 1967). Günther, R. & R. Müller, Das Goldene Zeitalter. Utopien der hellenistisch-römischen Antike, Stuttgart 1988 Manuel, F.E. & F.P. Manuel, Utopian thought in the western world, Oxford 1979 Mossé, Claude, ‘Les utopies égalitaires à l’époque hellénistique’, Revue Historique 93 (1969) 297-308 Müller, R. & R. Günther, Das Goldene Zeitalter, Leipizg 1988